2487 - MICROBIOLOGY

Academic Year 2018/2019

Free text for the University

Objectives

Knowledge of the structure and biology of bacterial cell, viruses and fungi. Knowledge of microbial metabolism. Knowledge of microbial genetics, DNA transfer and genetics recombination in bacteria, mechanisms of action of antimicrobial drugs and mechanism of insurgence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Knowledge of host-parasite relationships and infection. Knowledge of mechanisms of immune response. Knowledge of principles of Pharmaceutical Microbiology.

Objectives

Knowledge of the structure and biology of bacterial cell, viruses and fungi. Knowledge of microbial metabolism. Knowledge of microbial genetics, DNA transfer and genetics recombination in bacteria, mechanisms of action of antimicrobial drugs and mechanism of insurgence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Knowledge of host-parasite relationships and infection

Prerequisites

Structure and characteristics of animal and vegetal cells. Organic molecules of biological significance. Cellular metabolism.

Contents

The microbial world. Protists. Prokaryotes. Principles of classification. Description of the principals groups of bacteria. Optical methods. Staining (frontal lessons and lab exercises: 6 hours).
Eukariotic and prokariotic cell structure. Morphological changes during growth. Endospores. Cultivation of microorganisms. Factors affecting growth. The growth curve (frontal lessons and lab exercises: 6 hours).
Microbial metabolism. The role of metabolism in biosynthesis and growth. The regulation of metabolic pathways, RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis and cell division. (6 hours).
Microbial genetics. The prokaryotic chromosome. Mutation. Intercellular DNA transfer, and genetic recombination in bacteria. Transformation. Plasmid-mediated conjugation. Transduction. Transponsable elements. Molecular cloning of DNA. (6 hours).
Bacteriophages. Properties and replication of DNA and RNA phages. Lysogeny. (2 hours)
General properties of viruses. Definitions. Classification of viruses. Principles of virus structure. Replication. Pathogenesis of virus diseases. Prevention and treatment of viral infections. Picornavirus. Hepatitis viruses. Orthomyxovirus. Paramyxovirus. Poxvirus. Herpesvirus. Retrovirus. (6 hours).
Host-parasite relationships. Infection. Disease. virulence factors. Bacterial toxins. Endotoxin. Microorganisms of clinical significance. Stahylococci. Streptococci. Enterobacteriaceae. Mycobatteria. Gram positive sporeforming aerobic and anaerobic Bacilli. (12 hours).
Antimicrobial chemotherapy. Drugs employed for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. Mechanisms of action of clinical used antimicrobials drugs. Resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Origin of drug resistance. Detection of drug-resistance. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity in vivo and in vitro. Clinical use of antimicrobials. (12 hours)
Disinfectants. Sterilization. (6 hours).
Immunology. Natural immunity. Acquired immunity. Antigens and immunogenicity. The cellular basis of immune responses. Antibodies: structure and formation. Structures of immunoglobulins. Complement system. Complement activation. Complement reaction sequence. Active and passive immunization. Vaccines and sera. (8 hours)
Pharmaceutical microbiology. Microbiological tests and dosages. Microbial characteristics of pharmaceutical products. Sterile pharmaceutical products. Evaluation of microbial contamination in pharmaceutical products. Sterilization techniques for pharmaceutical products. Evaluation of sterility. Validation assays. LAL test. Microbial characteristics of cosmetic products. (10 hours)

Contents

The microbial world. Protists. Prokaryotes. Principles of classification. Description of the principals groups of bacteria. Optical methods. Staining (frontal lessons and lab exercises: 6 hours).
Eukariotic and prokariotic cell structure. Morphological changes during growth. Endospores. Cultivation of microorganisms. Factors affecting growth. The growth curve (frontal lessons and lab exercises: 6 hours).
Microbial metabolism. The role of metabolism in biosynthesis and growth. The regulation of metabolic pathways, RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis and cell division. (6 hours).
Microbial genetics. The prokaryotic chromosome. Mutation. Intercellular DNA transfer, and genetic recombination in bacteria. Transformation. Plasmid-mediated conjugation. Transduction. Transponsable elements. Molecular cloning of DNA. (6 hours).
Bacteriophages. Properties and replication of DNA and RNA phages. Lysogeny. (2 hours)
General properties of viruses. Definitions. Classification of viruses. Principles of virus structure. Replication. Pathogenesis of virus diseases. Prevention and treatment of viral infections. Host-parasite relationships. Infection. Disease. virulence factors. Bacterial toxins. Endotoxin. Microorganisms of clinical significance (12 hours)
Disinfectants. Sterilization. (6 hours).

Teaching Methods

48 hours total of frontal lessons and lab exercises

Teaching Methods

80 hours total of frontal lessons and lab exercises

Verification of learning

Oral examination. Evaluation criteria based on fluency, vocabulary, structure, comprehensibility

Texts

Microbiologia Farmaceutica II edizione, a cura di N. Carlone e R. Pompei. EdiSES Napoli

Texts

Microbiologia Farmaceutica II edizione, a cura di N. Carlone e R. Pompei. EdiSES Napoli
Principi di Microbiologia Medica, a cura di G. Antonelli, M. Clementi, G. Pozzi, G.M. Rossolini. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana.
Farmacopea Ufficiale e Farmacopea Europea